• illegal—such as illicit drugs, gambling or prostitution
• rationed—such as during war time, or
• sold without paying taxes or tariffs—such as cigarettes

Another term for “black market/economy” is “underground economy”:

• “Prof. [Kenneth] Rogoff estimates that as much as 75% of U.S. notes in circulation, or more than $600 billion, are held outside the U.S. Most of that is likely in what he calls the underground economy, where transactions are made beyond the oversight of government—much of which is juiced by the black market. ‘This money is not in cash registers, it’s not in bank vaults,’ Prof. Rogoff says.”—Nguyen Anh Thu, Darcy Crowe, and Will Connors, “Globally, the Greenback Remains King,” The Wall Street Journal, October 29, 2009.
• “The Ontario government is launching a review into unsafe labour practices following a spate of deaths on construction sites, including those of four men who died on Christmas Eve when scaffolding collapsed at a Toronto apartment building. The government announced yesterday that an advisory panel will look at a range of issues, including the impact of the underground economy on health and safety, as well as workplace practices, training and existing labour legislation.”—Karen Howlett, “Government launches review of workplace safety: Follows a spate of deaths on construction sites, including those of four men who died on Christmas Eve when scaffolding collapsed at a Toronto apartment building,” The Globe and Mail (Canada), January 28, 2010.
• “[George] Papandreou, who is poised to announce social security reforms and tax increases (homing in on doctors, lawyers, bar and nightclub owners who are among the biggest tax evaders in an underground economy estimated to be about 30% of GDP) has found help from an unlikely quarter. Amid all the talk of bankruptcy and bailouts from the EU, conservative opposition party leaders have also publicly backed the measures as imperative for the country’s survival.”—Helena Smith, “Size of public debt catches up with Greece: Value of Greek black economy estimated at 30% of GDP: Budget deficit at 12.7% of national income,” The Guardian (UK), February 7, 2010.

Key films in the genre include ‘The Maltese Falcon‘ (Huston, 1941), ‘Casablanca‘ (Curtiz, 1942), ‘Double Indemnity‘ (Wilder, 1944), ‘Laura‘ (Preminger, 1944), ‘To Have and Have Not‘ (Hawks, 1944), ‘The Lost Weekend,’ (Wilder, 1945), ‘Murder My Sweet‘ (Dmytryk, 1945), ‘Spellbound‘ (Hitchcock, 1945), ‘The Big Sleep‘ (Hawks, 1946), ‘Gilda‘ (Vidor, 1946), ‘The Killers‘ (Siodmak, 1946), ‘The Postman Always Rings Twice‘ (Garnett, 1946), ‘The Strange Love of Martha Ivers‘ (Milestone, 1946), ‘Key Largo‘ (Huston, 1948), ‘The Naked City‘ (Dassin, 1948), ‘They Live by Night‘ (Ray, 1949), ‘The Asphalt Jungle‘ (Huston, 1950), ‘Gun Crazy‘ (Lewis, 1950), ‘In a Lonely Place‘ (Ray, 1950), ‘Night and the City‘ (Dassin, 1950), ‘Sunset Blvd.‘ (Wilder, 1950), ‘Ace in the Hole/The Big Carnival‘ (Wilder, 1951), ‘The Big Heat‘ (Lang, 1953), ‘Pickup on South Street‘ (Fuller, 1953), and ‘Kiss Me Deadly‘ (Aldrich, 1955).

Film critics also use “noir” by itself as well as for literature:

• “’I really love the challenge of short stories,’ Maryland author Laura Lippman told me recently from Texas, where she was touring in support of her best-selling novel What the Dead Know. Ms. Lippman, who has contributed to, among other all-original anthologies, several volumes of Akashic Books‘ ‘Noir Series‘ (including Dublin Noir, New Orleans Noir, D.C. Noir, as well as Baltimore Noir, which she edited), admitted she will write a short story whenever she’s asked to.”—Tom Nolan, “Short Stories, Hard Covers: New Partners in Crime Fiction,” The Wall Street Journal, May 9, 2007, p. D10.
• “His character is trying to play it smoother in Fritz Lang’s noir standard ‘The Big Heat,’ which was also released in 1953 and, happily, is in the series. This is the film in which [Lee] Marvin brutally ups the bad-boyfriend ante by tossing a steaming-hot pot of coffee into the face of his girl (Gloria Grahame), leaving her terribly scarred.”—Manohla Dargis, “Lee Marvin: The Coolest Lethal Weapon,” The New York Times, May 11, 2007.

Sometimes critics are playful with the term. For example, using “film gris” to indicate a film not quite in the standard “film noir” mold: “It’s been said that ‘Out of the Past,’ with its careful moral gradations reflected in the range of Tourneur’s famously subtle lighting, is less a film noir than a film gris, painted in half-tones.”—Dave Kehr, “New DVDs:  Classic Westerns Round-Up: Volume 1,” The New York Times, May 15, 2007.

The nickname uses the negative sense of “black” indicating something secret, bad, or nefarious, as in “black market” or “black sites.” This usage of “black” stands in particular contrast to the “white” in the team’s real name.

Mr. Leonard didn’t have a single reason for naming the list “the Black List.” “He’s uncomfortable, for good reason, with people assuming that he named his project the Black List simply because he’s African-American. The truth is that he had a couple of different inspirations. Yes, he wanted to subvert the cultural metaphor that black equals bad (‘I wanted to stick my finger in the eye of that idea’); but he also wanted to take a swipe at the infamous McCarthy-inspired blacklist, which killed the careers of screenwriters suspected of being Communists (‘What if there was a blacklist that people wanted to be on?’).”—Nicole Sperling, “The Black List: How Hollywood’s Buzziest Scripts Get Their Juice: Every year, this ranking of the 10 best unproduced screenplays floating around town changes writers’ lives. Meet Franklin Leonard, the man behind the Black List, and get an exclusive look at this year’s top 10,” Entertainment Weekly, December 10, 2008.

In the United States, the relatives of the President are often seen as black sheep and the source of comedy.  For example:

• Jack Ford, the son of Gerald Ford, who admitted in an 1975 interview with the Portland Oregonian that he smoked marijuana;
• Billy Carter, the younger brother of Jimmy Carter, who was famous for introducing “Billy Beer” in 1977 soon after his brother was elected President, and for “Billygate,” which was a controversy over his dealings with the Libyan government while his brother was President; and
• Roger Clinton, the half-brother of Bill Clinton, who was found guilty of conspiracy to distribute cocaine in 1984, before his brother was elected President.